TB-500 is a synthetic variant of Thymosin Beta 4 (TB-500), a peptide naturally found in nearly all human and animal cells. As a pioneering drug candidate, it supports several key functions:
- Differentiation of endothelial cells (those forming blood vessels)
- Angiogenesis (the process of new blood vessel growth from existing ones) in dermal tissues
- Migration of keratinocytes
- Deposition of collagen; and
- Reduction of inflammation.
A primary mechanism through which TB-500 operates is by modulating Actin, a critical protein for cell structure and movement. Actin constitutes up to 10% of the total proteins in cells, making it essential to the cell's genetic framework.
This powerful peptide is part of a widespread family of 16 related molecules, which are highly conserved in sequence and found in most body tissues and circulating cells. TB-500 not only interacts with actin but also inhibits its polymerization, serving as an actin-sequestering agent in eukaryotic cells.
TB-500 was recognized as a gene that experiences a four-to-six fold increase in expression during the early stages of blood vessel formation and has been shown to stimulate the generation of new blood cells from existing vessels. Present in wound fluid, this peptide, when administered subcutaneously, enhances wound healing, supports muscle growth, and accelerates the recovery of muscle fibers and their cells.
Another significant aspect of TB-500 is its facilitation of cell migration via a targeted interaction with actin within the cell’s cytoskeleton. Research indicates that a central, small amino acid domain that binds to actin possesses both blood cell production and wound healing properties. These traits are manifested through the enhanced migration of endothelial cells and keratinocytes, as well as an increase in the secretion of enzymes that break down the extracellular matrix.
Studies affirm that TB-500 is a powerful, naturally occurring factor that promotes wound repair and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Unlike other repair factors, like growth factors, TB-500 stimulates the migration of endothelial and keratinocyte cells. It does not bind to the extracellular matrix and its low molecular weight allows it to traverse considerable distances within tissues.